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Walk Along the Path

For each path component that isn't the final component...

If the process does not have search permission on the current lookup directory, an EACCES error is returned.

open(pathname = "/home/archives/.ssh/private_key", flags = O_RDONLY) failed, Permission denied (13, EACCES) because the process does not have search permission to the pathname "/home/archives/.ssh" directory, the process effective GID 1000 "pmiller" does not match the directory owner 1001 "archives" so the owner permission mode "rwx" is ignored, the others permission mode is "---", and the process is not privileged (does not have the DAC_READ_SEARCH capability)